AI-assisted analysis based on the official CRS summary. Source version: Jan 15, 2025. Analysis updated: Sep 19, 2026.
01 — The Text
What.
- The bill amends Title IX to make it a violation for federally funded schools to allow individuals whose biological sex at birth was male to participate in athletic programs designated for women or girls
- Sex is defined in the bill based on reproductive biology and genetics at birth
- The bill permits males to train or practice with women's/girls' programs only if doing so does not deprive any female of corresponding opportunities or benefits
- The Government Accountability Office must report on benefits for women and girls in single-sex sports that would be lost due to male participation, including psychological, developmental, participatory, and sociological effects
02 — The Stakes
So what?
- The bill creates a federal prohibition on transgender women and other males competing in women's and girls' school athletic programs that receive federal funding
- Schools would face Title IX violations if they allow such participation
- The scope of documented effects on girls' sports is not specified in the summary—the GAO report requirement indicates these effects are not yet established
- The bill's practical impact depends on implementation and how schools interpret the exceptions for training and practice
03 — The Path
Now what?
- House passed the bill on January 14, 2025, by a vote of 218-206
- The bill was received in the Senate on January 15, 2025
- No scheduled Senate vote or committee action is documented
Legislative History
Actions.
- Jan 15, 2025 — Received in the Senate.
- Jan 14, 2025 — Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
- Jan 14, 2025 — On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 218 - 206, 1 Present (Roll no. 12). (text: CR H126)
- Jan 14, 2025 — Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 218 - 206, 1 Present (Roll no. 12). (text: CR H126)
- Jan 14, 2025 — On motion to recommit Failed by the Yeas and Nays: 208 - 218 (Roll no. 11).
- Jan 14, 2025 — Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H139-140)
- Jan 14, 2025 — POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on H.R. 28, the Chair put the question on the motion to recommit and announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Adams demanded the yeas and nays and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
- Jan 14, 2025 — The previous question on the motion to recommit was ordered pursuant to clause 2(b) of rule XIX.